In part two of Richard McLaren's report into state-sponsored doping in Russia, he confirmed that the 2013 Universiade in the Russian city of Kazan was used as a testing ground for the manipulation of doping samples, which was then established across major events such as the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Since then, FISU President Oleg Matytsin has offered a stern defence of the anti-doping system in place in Kazan, which you can read here.

Raushangul Akhanova, the head of the department for medical services and drug testing at the 2017 Winter Universiade, has been discussing the anti-doping measures in place here in Almaty.

"There are 10 drug testing laboratories running at the Universiade," said Akhanova.

"Nine are located at the venues and one is located in the Athletes’ Village.

"In total, we have 35 drug testing officers and 54 assistants.

"Samples are taken in compliance with the requirements of the World Anti-Doping Agency Code, international testing standards and FISU rules.

"All samples are sent to the Anti-Doping Laboratory in Austria accredited by WADA.

"Drug testing results become available within two days after the Laboratory receives samples.

"However, these results are confidential and only FISU representatives have access to them before they disclose them in accordance with the approved requirements and rules."