Russian swimmer Evgenii Somov and Belarusians swimmers Alina Zmushka, Ilya Shymanovich, and Anastasiya Shkurdai are all listed as "eligible and invited athletes" with a Russian or Belarusian passport.

Somov is one of only two Russian swimmers to have been given neutral status by World Aquatics. He swam for the University of Louisville from 2017 through 2022 and has remained in the US after graduation and has spent time as a coach with Albany Armada Aquatics in California. Fellow US-based Russian swimmer Yulia Efimova did not hit an Olympic Qualifying Time and will not participate in the Games. 

Belarusian Ilya Shymanovich participated in Tokyo 2020 and was eighth in the men’s 100m Breaststroke final. Anastasiya Shkurdai is a Tokyo Olympian who placed eighth in the women’s 100 m Butterfly final and was the bronze medalist in the women’s 200m Backstroke at the 2024 World Championships. Fellow Belarusian Alina Zmushka also participated in Tokyo and ranks 23rd on the 2024 world list for the 100m Breaststroke.

Russia and Belarus have been formally barred from the Olympic Games by the IOC after their collaboration on the 2022 invasion of neighbouring Ukraine. Russia has appealed this decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. CAS upheld the decision based on Russia annexing Ukrainian sporting organisations, which it determined to be a violation of the Olympic Charter:

The IOC offered an avenue for individual athletes (not teams) to participate in the Olympic Games as "Individual Neutral Athletes". The application of neutrality rules was largely left up to the respective sporting federations. Currently, there are 43 athletes (27 Russian and 16 Belarusian) that are still eligible for the Games.