Transgender athletes will face more restrictions at the Paris Olympics compared to previous events. This is due to the recent regulation by numerous international federations that female athletes must have completed their transition before the age of 12 to avoid unfair advantages. 

With this decision, the Paris 2024 Olympics has stricter rules and  regulations regarding transgender athletes with differences of sexual development (DSD).

There have also been increased regulations for transgender athletes ahead of the Olympics, with many who have previously competed in international events, now unable to do so.

The Olympics in the French capital is set to make history as the first gender-equal games, with 50 per cent of the medals going to women, a first in the history of the event. There has been a rising interest in transgender athletes, with concerns that transgender women have an unfair advantage over fellow competitors, and a number of federations have strict guidelines.

The International Olympic Committee, which oversees the Games, does not have specific rules or regulations and instead includes 10 guiding principles. The governing body also states that “each international federation is responsible for setting eligibility rules for its sport, including the eligibility criteria that determine qualification for the Olympic Games”.

The guidelines require transgender women to have transitioned before the age of 12 to be eligible for the women’s category, to prevent any potential biological advantage from male puberty.

The sports affected by this rules

The guidelines from the IOC have been adopted by World Athletics and Fina, swimming’s governing body.Cycling follow these guidelines for women’s categories but also allow for an “open” category which has replaced the current “men’s category” to allow transgender athletes to compete.

World Rowing allows those who transitioned before puberty to be eligible, and one of their criteria is for the testosterone concentration to be less than 2.5 nmol/L for a period of at least 24 months, while rugby has followed the IOC guidelines. Triathlon, tennis and archery however require testosterone levels to be below a certain limit to allow athletes to compete. Other sports allow transgender athletes to compete on a “case by case” basis.

Transgender and non-binary athletes at the Paris Olympics

Laurel Hubbard competed in the Tokyo Olympics, becoming the first openly transgender athlete to do so, and finished last in her competition group, and also Will be there in this edition. Nikki Hiltz is transgender and non-binary and uses the pronouns “they/them”, but has always competed in the female category, and will be representing USA at the upcoming Olympics. They set a US trials record in the 1500m to earn a place on the Olympic squad.

Quinn, a Canadian non-binary footballer, has also been chosen to represent their nation at the Olympic Games. The midfielder, who plays for Toronto, has always competed in female categories.

But there are other athletes that got out of the Games because of the new rules like the american BMX rider Chelsea Wolfe, who had been hoping to compete in Paris before the UCI, cycling’s governing body, changed its regulations and put an end to her hopes. She had qualified for Tokyo 2020 as an alternate.

Halba Diouf’s dream was also ended by World Athletics’ new regulations, effectively barring the Senegalese-born French sprinter from competing in Paris. Swimmer Lia Thomas became the first transgender athlete to win a US college title in 2022, but lost a legal case against World Aquatics for her right to compete. The American remains barred from competing in the female category.